- Title
- The contribution of submarine landslides to the 2016 Kaikōura tsunami
- Creator
- Lane, Emily M.; Mollison, Kendall; Mountjoy, Joshu; Popinet, Stephane
- Relation
- Australasian Coasts and Ports 2021 Conference. Proceedings of the Australasian Coasts and Ports 2021 Conference (Te Pae, Christchurch 11-13 April, 2022) p. 626-632
- Relation
- https://www.coastsandports.org/papers/2021/136_lane_finalpaper.pdf
- Publisher
- Engineers Australia
- Resource Type
- conference paper
- Date
- 2022
- Description
- While the majority of tsunamis are generated by undersea earthquakes, a variety of other mechanisms can also trigger tsunamis. One of these is submarine landslides, which can themselves be triggered by earthquakes, and dual-source tsunamis, such as the Aitape tsunami in Papua New Guinea in 1998, are well-known. Submarine landslide-generated tsunamis differ somewhat from earthquake generated tsunamis. They can be catastrophic, causing wave heights tens of metres high, but their affects tend to be more localised than earthquake-generated tsunamis. These differences mean that, often, wave dispersion effects need to be included in modelling and that the standard Saint Venant (nonlinear, shallow water) equations that are appropriate for transoceanic tsunamis might not suffice. We consider a two-layer landslide generated tsunami model which models the overlying water using the Serre-Green-Naghdi (Boussinesq) equations in order to capture these dispersive effects and show that it produces a closer fit to laboratory experiments. The Kaikōura tsunami of 14 November 2016 was predominantly caused by shore-crossing and offshore fault rupture but, south of Kaikōura Peninsula, Goose Bay and Oaro Bay had anomalously high run-up measurements that have yet to be explained by seismic sources. The earthquake also generated a significant turbidity current that travelled over 680 km down the Hikurangi Channel. Comparison of bathymetric surveys of the Kaikōura Submarine Canyon before and after this event show that around 9.4 x 108 m3 of sediment was eroded from the canyon floor and more was lost from the walls of the canyon. We model this sediment failure using our two-layer model and show that this can capture much of the unexplained run-up.
- Subject
- submarine landslides; tsunamis; coastal hazards; Kaikōura 2016 tsunami; SDG 17; Sustainable Development Goals
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1496745
- Identifier
- uon:54230
- Identifier
- ISBN:9780473647056
- Language
- eng
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